{"id":16426,"date":"2022-06-23T08:23:01","date_gmt":"2022-06-23T12:23:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/?p=16426"},"modified":"2022-06-28T02:49:28","modified_gmt":"2022-06-28T06:49:28","slug":"the-art-of-the-threat-based-briefing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/the-art-of-the-threat-based-briefing\/","title":{"rendered":"The Art of the Threat Based Briefing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Have your briefings become a <em>\u201cone-size fits all solution serving as a repository for redundant verbal crew crosschecks of highly automated, highly reliable systems\u201d?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>If the briefings at your operation sound a bit like that, then read on for some suggestions on ways you might fix \u2018em up&#8230;<\/p>\n<h4>First up, a reminder of why we brief?<\/h4>\n<p>We brief because we want to<strong> try to identify anything that might mess up our flight up,<\/strong>\u00a0and work out how to stop it before it gets the chance to. That includes identifying anything silly the other person might be planning on doing, so it&#8217;s good to include them on it too.<\/p>\n<p>The word &#8216;brief&#8217; actually means a bunch of things &#8211;<em> of short duration, a set of instructions, underwear &#8211;<\/em>\u00a0which all seem fairly appropriate to what we are using it for (underwear being\u00a0the inner line of support, defence and protection when things get really scary&#8230;)<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_18739\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18739\" class=\"wp-image-18739\" src=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-14-at-12.05.53.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-14-at-12.05.53.png 818w, https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-14-at-12.05.53-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-14-at-12.05.53-768x590.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-18739\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Briefs are important.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>So, what do we want our brief to contain?<\/h4>\n<p>We want our briefing to cover <strong>any threats and possible errors<\/strong> we spot out in the big wide world, and we also want it to involve some ideas on how to mitigate against these.<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re not sure then we find this list handy. If you say yes to any of these, talk about it:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does something feel\u00a0<strong>scary?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Does something look\u00a0<strong>hard?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Does anything seem\u00a0<b>weird?<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Is there a chance you&#8217;ll do something\u00a0<strong>stupid?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>And what don&#8217;t we want it to contain?<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Too much waffle.<\/li>\n<li>Too much explaining &#8216;how to fly&#8217; to the person next to you (they probably know already).<\/li>\n<li>Stating the obvious or listing SOPs that you both know anyway.<\/li>\n<li>A plan for absolutely everything possible, including what to do if a Pterodactyl attacks. It just isn&#8217;t necessary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Any of these will definitely result in your co-pilot shutting off and not listening even to the bits you do need them to hear.<\/p>\n<h4>So how do we do this?<\/h4>\n<p>Well, we can play a sort of &#8216;I-Spy&#8217; game.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;<em>I spy with my little eye, something beginning with M.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Merr.. Muu&#8230;Maaa&#8230;Mountain?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Yes, one point to the co-pilot!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Or we can be a little more structured about it and <strong>follow a method<\/strong> which helps remind us of the big stuff to look out for. We have one to share, which is summed up in the nice tidy acronym:<strong> C-TWO-F-U.\u00a0<\/strong>You might like it, you might not. But here it is.<\/p>\n<h4>C is for Charts<\/h4>\n<p>We probably want to take a fairly close look at these since they are what we need to follow, and they often lay out some of the big threats for us.<\/p>\n<p>Taxi charts, arrival, departure, approach charts&#8230; A quick <strong>confirmation of the date<\/strong> to make sure it is the valid one is important, but after that really you are looking to do two things here:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Look for anything unusual, threatish or dangerous on the charts.<\/strong> A lot of them include some really useful little notes actually.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>It is no good briefing a chart to death if it isn\u2019t what you then fly.<\/strong> A confirmation that what you\u2019re talking about is what you\u2019ve programmed into the box (tracks, altitudes, speed constraints etc) is also important. Think of it as briefing your airplane too.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div id=\"attachment_18740\" style=\"width: 628px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18740\" class=\"wp-image-18740 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Blank-2000-x-2000-84-618x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"618\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Blank-2000-x-2000-84-618x1024.png 618w, https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Blank-2000-x-2000-84-181x300.png 181w, https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Blank-2000-x-2000-84-768x1272.png 768w, https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Blank-2000-x-2000-84-928x1536.png 928w, https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Blank-2000-x-2000-84.png 1194w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-18740\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">To be honest, a bad example because everything on here is horrifying and worth pointing out.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>T is for Terrain<\/h4>\n<p>Why does terrain get its own section? Well, because it&#8217;s big and if you get it wrong it&#8217;s nasty. <strong>C-FITs (Controlled Flight Into Terrain) are one of the biggest common accident types.<\/strong> From 2001-2020, CFIT accidents were the second largest category (21%) behind LOC-I (33%).<\/p>\n<p>So, take a look at the terrain and more importantly what it might do to you.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Turbulence.<\/li>\n<li>Weird turns required.<\/li>\n<li>Mega RODs (after you&#8217;re over it).<\/li>\n<li>Constraints on the way out. Or the way in for that matter.<\/li>\n<li>High elevation.<\/li>\n<li>Climb performance problems.<\/li>\n<li>Missed approach gradient problems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>But remember &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>don&#8217;t just scare the pilot next to you with a list of horrifying &#8216;death threats&#8217; &#8211; try to explain how you reckon you should deal with it all as well.<\/p>\n<h4>W is for Weather<\/h4>\n<p>Another big one.\u00a0<strong>Review it for that specific flight<\/strong>. No point talking about wind shear if it&#8217;s a lovely calm day &#8211; what would be the point?<\/p>\n<p>It isn&#8217;t a lovely calm day? Well, whatcha gonna do about it? Which heading do you want to avoid that mega storm? Do you maybe want to run the performance again since the runway is covered in ice<em>?<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>O is for Operational<\/h4>\n<p>You might have covered some of this earlier so don&#8217;t go re-listing it all again. Here are some ideas though:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Aircraft:<\/strong> Talk about any MELs, CDLs, random or specific procedures you might have to consider for <i>that flight.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<li><strong>Airport:<\/strong> Are there any NOTAMs, specific procedures (<a href=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/shush-keep-the-sound-down\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Noise Abatement Procedures<\/a> perhaps?), altimeter setting procedures (metric, or low transition alts)?<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Crew:<\/strong> Talk about yourselves, any threats there? I like to mention things like how irritable I might be because I didn&#8217;t have lunch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>How you\u2019ll fly it all:<\/strong> Share your autopilot usage plans and stuff like that.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Performance:<\/strong> A good time to check this and make sure you\u2019ve done it, and you\u2019ve set it up in the box properly in terms of speeds, flex, all that stuff.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>F is for Fuel<\/h4>\n<p>Check you have what you wanted and check it&#8217;s still what you need.<\/p>\n<h4>U is for yoU?<\/h4>\n<p>I added this in because I thought \u2018FU\u2019 sounded funny. Really this is just a last <em>\u201cany questions?\u201d<\/em> Or a<em> \u201canything I\u2019ve missed<\/em> that yo<strong>U<\/strong> can think of?\u201d moment.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_18738\" style=\"width: 736px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CTWOFU-BRIEFING.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18738\" class=\"wp-image-18738 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-14-at-11.19.25-726x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"726\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-14-at-11.19.25-726x1024.png 726w, https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-14-at-11.19.25-213x300.png 213w, https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-14-at-11.19.25-768x1083.png 768w, https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-14-at-11.19.25.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-18738\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Here&#8217;s something we made for you. Click on it for the printable one.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>How do we brief?<\/h4>\n<p>If we do the briefing out loud then it definitely helps &#8211; few of us are mind readers. If you make it <strong>interactive<\/strong> &#8211; well then now you\u2019ve got two pilots both thinking about it and working it out together. Bonus.<\/p>\n<p>I said it before, a quick reminder again &#8211; a good threat based briefing is about <strong>identifying threats specific for that day, for that flight, and then coming up with strategies for preventing them.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><i><strong>What?:<\/strong> A steeper than normal approach gradient? Ok, great, spotted it. <\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><strong>Why?:<\/strong> That could be a threat to our stabilisation and speed control. So what to do about it? <\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><strong>How?:<\/strong> Configure early, get the PM to keep an eye on that speed, be prepared to go-around if it becomes unstabilized.<\/i><\/p>\n<h4>Any other methods?<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Airbus have recently changed their recommended briefing method<\/strong> and it is now super simple. All SOPs, standard stuff, checks etc are out, and the briefing now follows this format:<\/p>\n<p><strong>PM:\u00a0<\/strong>Begins the briefing with the general <strong>plan<\/strong> &#8211; runway, SID, stop altitude and any extra fuel<\/p>\n<p><strong>PF:\u00a0<\/strong>Talks through the general<strong> strategy<\/strong> &#8211; how to get to the runway (including any taxi hotspots), how to fly the SID (use of automation), any Notams or operational stuff to affect it all, and any other relevant stuff specific for that flight on that day.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PM:\u00a0<\/strong>Raises any<strong> threats<\/strong> they spot<\/p>\n<p><strong>PF:\u00a0<\/strong>Talks through how to <strong>mitigate<\/strong> those threat.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airbus-win.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/flight-crew-briefings-en-1.mp4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watch it in action here<\/a> (and you don&#8217;t have to be Airbus to use this!)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Brief done!<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>That\u2019s the why, the what and the how\u2026<\/h4>\n<p>A decent threat based briefing any time you head in or out of any airport is important. If you&#8217;ve just been there earlier that day, maybe don&#8217;t repeat the whole thing all over again though.<\/p>\n<p>And what about when you are heading to an airport you are not familiar with? <b><\/b>At Opsgroup we like to put together <strong>Airport Lowdowns.<\/strong> These are briefing aids that you might find handy because they include information from other members (other people who have been there before!) to try and give you a heads up on what to expect.<\/p>\n<p>They are just trying to capture some of those Big Threats that you might want to think about and talk about in your briefings. You can find them in the <a href=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/dashboard\/document-library\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Documents Library<\/a> on your Dashboard, but if you want <a href=\"team@ops.group\">email us<\/a> and we&#8217;ll see if we can put together one for you.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_18825\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18825\" class=\"wp-image-18825 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-16-at-14.28.00.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"844\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-16-at-14.28.00.png 600w, https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screenshot-2022-06-16-at-14.28.00-213x300.png 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-18825\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lowdowns look like this<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Further Reading<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aerosociety.com\/news\/briefing-better\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Here&#8217;s the article<\/a> on how arrival and departure briefings might not be up to scratch, which sparked the lightbulb for us with our article.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Have your briefings become a \u201cone-size fits all solution serving as a repository for redundant&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":18826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[5,2105],"class_list":{"0":"post-16426","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-briefings","8":"tag-briefing","9":"tag-pre-flight"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16426"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16426\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18890,"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16426\/revisions\/18890"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ops.group\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}